See -phobic on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming adjectives”",
"word": "-philiac"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming adjectives”",
"word": "-philic"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming adjectives”",
"word": "-philous"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming nouns”",
"word": "-philiac"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming nouns”",
"word": "-phile"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "en:Psychology",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ-\nAncient Greek φόβος (phóbos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -φοβία (-phobía)der.\nLatin\nNew Latinbor.\nEnglish -phobia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -phobic\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fear\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flee\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰegʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"φόβος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun–forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-φοβία\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-phobia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-phobic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-phobic\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "-phobia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -phobia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc-koi",
"3": "-φοβία"
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"expansion": "Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-phobia",
"3": "-ic",
"pos1": "from Late Latin <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"la\">-phobia</i>, from Koine Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention nowrap\" lang=\"grc\">-φοβία</i> (-phobía), from <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">φόβος</i> (phóbos, “fear”)"
},
"expansion": "-phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”)) + -ic",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ-\nAncient Greek φόβος (phóbos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -φοβία (-phobía)der.\nLatin\nNew Latinbor.\nEnglish -phobia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -phobic\nFrom -phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”)) + -ic.",
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{
"form": "more -phobic",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -phobic",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
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{
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"1": "s"
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"expansion": "-phobic (noun-forming suffix, plural -phobics)",
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"pos": "suffix",
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{
"text": "claustrophobic"
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--phobic-en-suffix-Z~hmdFle",
"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-fobíčen",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-фоби́чен"
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{
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"code": "ca",
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{
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"word": "-fobinen"
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{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20",
"code": "fr",
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"sense": "fear",
"word": "-phobe"
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{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20",
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-phob"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-fobiczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
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"word": "-fobo"
}
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{
"text": "bibliophobic"
},
{
"text": "homophobic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives indicating a dislike or aversion."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--phobic-en-suffix-1o1ElN5C",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 91 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-fóbski",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
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{
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"code": "ca",
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{
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{
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{
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}
]
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{
"text": "oleophobic"
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{
"text": "photophobic"
}
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],
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],
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"id": "en--phobic-en-suffix-sqd1-nee",
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"related": [
{
"_dis1": "12 13 5 69",
"word": "phobic"
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{
"_dis1": "12 13 5 69",
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{
"_dis1": "12 13 5 69",
"word": "-phobiac"
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{
"_dis1": "12 13 5 69",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "23 24 9 44",
"sense": "forming nouns",
"word": "-phobiac"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 24 9 44",
"sense": "forming nouns",
"word": "-phobe"
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/-ˈfəʊbɪk/",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈfoʊbɪk/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbɪk"
}
],
"word": "-phobic"
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{
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{
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"word": "-philiac"
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"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming adjectives”",
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{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “forming adjectives”",
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "-phobia",
"4": "-ic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ-\nAncient Greek φόβος (phóbos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -φοβία (-phobía)der.\nLatin\nNew Latinbor.\nEnglish -phobia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -phobic\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fear\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flee\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰegʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"φόβος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun–forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-φοβία\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-phobia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-phobic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-phobic\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "-phobia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin -phobia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc-koi",
"3": "-φοβία"
},
"expansion": "Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-phobia",
"3": "-ic",
"pos1": "from Late Latin <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"la\">-phobia</i>, from Koine Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention nowrap\" lang=\"grc\">-φοβία</i> (-phobía), from <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">φόβος</i> (phóbos, “fear”)"
},
"expansion": "-phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”)) + -ic",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ-\nAncient Greek φόβος (phóbos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -φοβία (-phobía)der.\nLatin\nNew Latinbor.\nEnglish -phobia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -phobic\nFrom -phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”)) + -ic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -phobic",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -phobic",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-phobics",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-phobic (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -phobic, superlative most -phobic)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-phobic (noun-forming suffix, plural -phobics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-phob",
"ic"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "phobic"
},
{
"word": "-phobia"
},
{
"word": "-phobiac"
},
{
"word": "-phobe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "claustrophobic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives indicating a fear of a specific thing."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bibliophobic"
},
{
"text": "homophobic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives indicating a dislike or aversion."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oleophobic"
},
{
"text": "photophobic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in biology and chemistry to mean a natural repulsion or avoidance."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used as a synonym of -phobe to form nouns."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"-phobe",
"-phobe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ˈfəʊbɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈfoʊbɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbɪk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "forming nouns",
"word": "-phobiac"
},
{
"sense": "forming nouns",
"word": "-phobe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-fobíčen",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-фоби́чен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-fob"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-fobinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-phobe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-phob"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-fobiczny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "fear",
"word": "-fobo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-fóbski",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-фо́бски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-fob"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-fobinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-phobe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-fobiczny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "dislike or aversion",
"word": "-fobo"
}
],
"word": "-phobic"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -phobic meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-phobic"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-phobic",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-phobic"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-phobic",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.